자폐권리운동: 두 판 사이의 차이

자폐인권운동 속에 있는 사람들이 자폐를 장애가 아니라 자연스러운 인간의 변형으로 보기 때문에, 자폐를 없애고자 하는 시도에 반대한다. 특히, 이들 중 몇몇은 태어난 이후에도 자폐가 일어날 수 있다고 믿기 때문에, 태어나지 않은 상태에서 자폐 여부를 유전적으로 검사하는 데에 대해 반대하며, 몇몇은 이 검사를 통해 자폐 당사자가 태어나는 것을 막을 수 있다고 걱정한다<ref name="Harmon"/>. 2005년 1월 23일, [[아이칸 마운트 시나이 의과대학]]의 자폐유전자 프로젝트에 소속된 '''조세프 북스바움'''(Joseph Buxbaum)은 자폐 산전 테스트가 10년 안에 가능해질 것이라고 말했다<ref>{{기사 인용|성=Herrera|이름=Sue |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7013251 |title=Autism research focuses on early intervention:  Genetic clues sought in fight against disorder |publisher=MSNBC |date=2005-02-23|accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071026043242/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7013251| archivedate= 26 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>.

However, the [[causes of autism|genetics of autism]] have proven to be extremely complex.<ref name=Freitag>{{cite journal |author=Freitag CM |title=The genetics of autistic disorders and its clinical relevance: a review of the literature |journal=Mol Psychiatry |volume=12 |issue=1 |pages=2–22 |year=2007 |doi=10.1038/sj.mp.4001896 |pmid=17033636 |url=http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v12/n1/full/4001896a.html}}</ref> In any case, the Autistic Genocide Clock was started in response to this, which counts down to 10 years after Buxbaum made this announcement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ventura33.com/clock/ |title=The Autistic Genocide Clock |publisher=Ventura33 FanFiction |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071015072038/http://ventura33.com/clock/| archivedate= 15 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>  The public has started to debate the [[ethics]] involved in the possible elimination of a [[genotype]] that has liabilities and advantages, which may be seen as tampering with [[natural selection]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher= [[MSNBC]] |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7899821/ |title=Would you have allowed Bill Gates to be born? Advances in prenatal genetic testing pose tough questions |author=Caplan, Arthur |date=2005-05-31 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071112165824/http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7899821/| archivedate= 12 November 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>

인권운동이 지지하는 반치료관점은 자폐가 장애가 아니라, 정상적으로 발생하는 일, 즉 두뇌 배선의 대안적 변병이거나 인간 유전자애서 덜 드러나는 표현이라는 관점이다<ref name="Harmon"/>. 이 관점의 옹호자들은 자폐가 기피되거나, 차별받거나 제거될 것이 아니라 인정되고, 지지받고 환영받아야 할 독특한 삶의 방식이라고 믿는다<ref name="Harmon"/><ref name=Gal>{{언어고리|en}} {{뉴스 인용 |author=Gal L |title=Who says autism's a disease? |work=Haaretz |date=2007-06-28 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/876283.html |accessdate=2007-07-16| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070701201936/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/876283.html| archivedate= 1 July 2007}}</ref>. 이들은 자폐성 당사자들이 가지고 있는 버릇과 독특성이 다른 소수자 집단들이 가진 차이가 받아들여져야 하는 것처럼 관용되어야 하며, 따라서 자폐를 제거하고자 하는 노력은 암을 치료하는 행위보다는, [[왼손잡이]]를 치료하고자 하는 한물나간 개념와 견주어져야 한다고 믿는다<ref name="Harmon"/><ref name=Dawson>{{언어고리|en}}  {{cite web|url=http://archive.autistics.org/library/dawson.html |title=In Support of Michelle Dawson and Her Work |publisher=Autistics.org |accessdate=2012-03-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215181832/http://archive.autistics.org/library/dawson.html |archivedate=2012-02-15 }}</ref>. The ARM is a part of the larger disability rights movement, and as such acknowledges the social model of disability.<ref>{{cite book |author=Waltz, M |title=Autism: A Social and Medical History |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=London |year=2013 |isbn=0-230-52750-7}}</ref> Within the model, struggles faced by autistic people are viewed as discrimination rather than deficiencies.

Some movement members with [[Asperger syndrome]], who do not have the language differences typical of autistic individuals, believe their way of life should be respected and they should be left alone completely. Other members agree that autistics should not be made to act exactly like everyone else, but that they should receive therapy to help them learn to communicate in innovative ways or regulate emotions.<ref name="RogerCollier"/><ref name=Woodford>Woodford, Gillian. [http://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/2006/04_30/3_patients_practice05_8.html "'We Don't Need To Be Cured,' Autistics Say."] ''National Review of Medicine.'' Volume 3 Number 8. 2006-04-30. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.</ref> [[캠브리지대학교|캠브리지대]] 트리니티 콜리지  [[사이먼 배론코언]], a professor of [[developmental psychology]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] and an autism researcher, expressed the latter view.<ref>{{cite journal |title=In a different world |year=2001 |journal=New Scientist |author=Else L |issue=2286 |pages=42}}</ref> 배론코언은 다음과 같이 말했다<ref name="SanerDisease"/>.