본문으로 이동

자폐권리운동: 두 판 사이의 차이

171 바이트 추가됨 ,  2018년 5월 7일 (월)
잔글
잔글 (→‎관점)
잔글 (→‎관점)
54번째 줄: 54번째 줄:
자폐를 '치료'하거나 '처치'하는 행위 자체는 [[자폐 치료에 대한 윤리적 도전|논란적이며]], 정치화된 이슈이기도 하다. 의사들과 자연과학자들은 자폐가 발생하는 이유에 대해 확신하지 못하지만, [[자폐연구네트워크]]나 [[어티즘 스픽스]] 등의 단체들은 치료 방법의 연구를 옹호하고 있다. 다수의 자폐 인권 단체 구성원들은 자폐를 질병보다는 삶의 방식으로 바라보며 치료 방법을 찾기보다는 자폐 자체를 받아들일 것을 주장한다<ref name="Harmon"/><ref name="SanerDisease"/>. 활동가 몇몇은 [[응용행동분석]] 같이, 자폐와 결합된 행동과 언어 차이에 대한 보편적인 요법들이 잘못 유도되었을 뿐만이 아니라 비윤리적이라고 믿는다<ref>{{언어고리|en}} {{웹 인용|이름=Michelle|성=Dawson|url=http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/naa_aba.html|제목=The Misbehaviour of Behaviourists|날짜=2004-01-18|확인일자=2018-05-05}}</ref>
자폐를 '치료'하거나 '처치'하는 행위 자체는 [[자폐 치료에 대한 윤리적 도전|논란적이며]], 정치화된 이슈이기도 하다. 의사들과 자연과학자들은 자폐가 발생하는 이유에 대해 확신하지 못하지만, [[자폐연구네트워크]]나 [[어티즘 스픽스]] 등의 단체들은 치료 방법의 연구를 옹호하고 있다. 다수의 자폐 인권 단체 구성원들은 자폐를 질병보다는 삶의 방식으로 바라보며 치료 방법을 찾기보다는 자폐 자체를 받아들일 것을 주장한다<ref name="Harmon"/><ref name="SanerDisease"/>. 활동가 몇몇은 [[응용행동분석]] 같이, 자폐와 결합된 행동과 언어 차이에 대한 보편적인 요법들이 잘못 유도되었을 뿐만이 아니라 비윤리적이라고 믿는다<ref>{{언어고리|en}} {{웹 인용|이름=Michelle|성=Dawson|url=http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/naa_aba.html|제목=The Misbehaviour of Behaviourists|날짜=2004-01-18|확인일자=2018-05-05}}</ref>


인권운동이 지지하는 반치료관점은 자폐가 장애가 아니라, 정상적으로 발생하는 일, 즉 두뇌 배선의 대안적 변병이거나 인간 유전자애서 덜 드러나는 표현이라는 관점이다<ref name="Harmon"/>. 이 관점의 옹호자들은 자폐가 기피되거나, 차별받거나 제거될 것이 아니라 인정되고, 지지받고 환영받아야 할 독특한 삶의 방식이라고 믿는다<ref name="Harmon"/><ref name=Gal>{{언어고리|en}} {{뉴스 인용 |author=Gal L |title=Who says autism's a disease? |work=Haaretz |date=2007-06-28 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/876283.html |accessdate=2007-07-16| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070701201936/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/876283.html| archivedate= 1 July 2007}}</ref>.  
인권운동이 지지하는 반치료관점은 자폐가 장애가 아니라, 정상적으로 발생하는 일, 즉 두뇌 배선의 대안적 변병이거나 인간 유전자애서 덜 드러나는 표현이라는 관점이다<ref name="Harmon"/>. 이 관점의 옹호자들은 자폐가 기피되거나, 차별받거나 제거될 것이 아니라 인정되고, 지지받고 환영받아야 할 독특한 삶의 방식이라고 믿는다<ref name="Harmon"/><ref name=Gal>{{언어고리|en}} {{뉴스 인용 |author=Gal L |title=Who says autism's a disease? |work=Haaretz |date=2007-06-28 |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/876283.html |accessdate=2007-07-16| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070701201936/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/876283.html| archivedate= 1 July 2007}}</ref>. 이들은 자폐성 당사자들이 가지고 있는 버릇과 독특성이 다른 소수자 집단들이 가진 차이가 받아들여져야 하는 것처럼 관용되어야 하며, 따라서 자폐를 제거하고자 하는 노력은 암을 치료하는 행위보다는, [[왼손잡이]]를 치료하고자 하는 한물나간 개념와 견주어져야 한다고 믿는다<ref name="Harmon"/><ref name=Dawson>{{언어고리|en}}  {{cite web|url=http://archive.autistics.org/library/dawson.html |title=In Support of Michelle Dawson and Her Work |publisher=Autistics.org |accessdate=2012-03-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215181832/http://archive.autistics.org/library/dawson.html |archivedate=2012-02-15 }}</ref>. The ARM is a part of the larger disability rights movement, and as such acknowledges the social model of disability.<ref>{{cite book |author=Waltz, M |title=Autism: A Social and Medical History |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=London |year=2013 |isbn=0-230-52750-7}}</ref> Within the model, struggles faced by autistic people are viewed as discrimination rather than deficiencies.
They believe the quirks and uniqueness of autistic individuals should be tolerated as the differences of any minority group should be tolerated and that efforts to eliminate autism should not be compared, for example, to curing cancer but instead to the antiquated notion of curing [[left-handedness]].<ref name="Harmon"/><ref name=Dawson>{{cite web|url=http://archive.autistics.org/library/dawson.html |title=In Support of Michelle Dawson and Her Work |publisher=Autistics.org |accessdate=2012-03-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120215181832/http://archive.autistics.org/library/dawson.html |archivedate=2012-02-15 }}</ref> The ARM is a part of the larger disability rights movement, and as such acknowledges the social model of disability.<ref>{{cite book |author=Waltz, M |title=Autism: A Social and Medical History |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |location=London |year=2013 |isbn=0-230-52750-7}}</ref> Within the model, struggles faced by autistic people are viewed as discrimination rather than deficiencies.


[[Jim Sinclair (activist)|Jim Sinclair]], a leader in the movement, argues that autism is essential to a person, not a disease secondary to the person. Sinclair says that wishing that an autistic person be cured is equivalent to wishing that they disappear and another completely different person exist in their place.<ref name=DontMourn>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonds-institute.org/dontmour.html |title=Don't mourn for us |publisher=The Edmonds Institute |author=Sinclair, Jim |year=1993 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071020225532/http://www.edmonds-institute.org/dontmour.html| archivedate= 20 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Visions for a future where autism has been eradicated, Sinclair believes, is the desire to end [[Sociological and cultural aspects of autism|the autistic culture]].<ref name="DontMourn"/>
짐 신클레어는 자폐가 사람에게 부차적인(secondary) 질병이 아니라, 개인에게 있어서 필수요소라고 주장한다. 신클레어는 자폐 당사자가 치료되기를 바라는 것은 그들이 사라지고, 그 자리에 완전히 다른 사람이 나타나는 것을 바라는 것과 동일하다고 말한다<ref name="DontMourn">{{언어고리|en}} {{cite web |url=http://www.edmonds-institute.org/dontmour.html |title=Don't mourn for us |publisher=The Edmonds Institute |author=Sinclair, Jim |year=1993 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071020225532/http://www.edmonds-institute.org/dontmour.html| archivedate= 20 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>. 신클레어는 자폐가 근절된 미래를 바라는 비전은, 자폐인들의 문화를 없애고자 하는 갈망이라고 믿는다<ref name="DontMourn"/>.


[[아스퍼거]]를 가진 몇몇 운동 참여자들은,
Some movement members with [[Asperger syndrome]], who do not have the language differences typical of autistic individuals, believe their way of life should be respected and they should be left alone completely. Other members agree that autistics should not be made to act exactly like everyone else, but that they should receive therapy to help them learn to communicate in innovative ways or regulate emotions.<ref name="RogerCollier"/><ref name=Woodford>Woodford, Gillian. [http://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/2006/04_30/3_patients_practice05_8.html "'We Don't Need To Be Cured,' Autistics Say."] ''National Review of Medicine.'' Volume 3 Number 8. 2006-04-30. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.</ref> [[캠브리지대학교|캠브리지대]] 트리니티 콜리지  [[사이먼 배론코언]], a professor of [[developmental psychology]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] and an autism researcher, expressed the latter view.<ref>{{cite journal |title=In a different world |year=2001 |journal=New Scientist |author=Else L |issue=2286 |pages=42}}</ref> 배론코언은 다음과 같이 말했다<ref name="SanerDisease"/>.
Some movement members with [[Asperger syndrome]], who do not have the language differences typical of autistic individuals, believe their way of life should be respected and they should be left alone completely. Other members agree that autistics should not be made to act exactly like everyone else, but that they should receive therapy to help them learn to communicate in innovative ways or regulate emotions.<ref name="RogerCollier"/><ref name=Woodford>Woodford, Gillian. [http://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/2006/04_30/3_patients_practice05_8.html "'We Don't Need To Be Cured,' Autistics Say."] ''National Review of Medicine.'' Volume 3 Number 8. 2006-04-30. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.</ref> [[캠브리지대학교|캠브리지대]] 트리니티 콜리지  [[사이먼 배론코언]], a professor of [[developmental psychology]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] and an autism researcher, expressed the latter view.<ref>{{cite journal |title=In a different world |year=2001 |journal=New Scientist |author=Else L |issue=2286 |pages=42}}</ref> 배론코언은 다음과 같이 말했다<ref name="SanerDisease"/>.
{{인용문|I do think there is a benefit in trying to help people with autism-spectrum conditions with areas of difficulty such as emotion recognition. Nobody would dispute the place for interventions that alleviate areas of difficulty, while leaving the areas of strength untouched. But to talk about a 'cure for autism' is a sledge-hammer approach and the fear would be that in the process of alleviating the areas of difficulty, the qualities that are special - such as the remarkable attention to detail, and the ability to concentrate for long periods on a small topic in depth - would be lost. Autism is both a disability and a difference. We need to find ways of alleviating the disability while respecting and valuing the difference.}}
{{인용문|I do think there is a benefit in trying to help people with autism-spectrum conditions with areas of difficulty such as emotion recognition. Nobody would dispute the place for interventions that alleviate areas of difficulty, while leaving the areas of strength untouched. But to talk about a 'cure for autism' is a sledge-hammer approach and the fear would be that in the process of alleviating the areas of difficulty, the qualities that are special - such as the remarkable attention to detail, and the ability to concentrate for long periods on a small topic in depth - would be lost. Autism is both a disability and a difference. We need to find ways of alleviating the disability while respecting and valuing the difference.}}