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자폐권리운동: 두 판 사이의 차이

160 바이트 추가됨 ,  2018년 5월 10일 (목)
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== 비판과 반대 움직임 ==
== 비판과 반대 움직임 ==
자폐를 장애로 바라보는 (인권운동쪽에서 치료 찬성 관점({{llang|en|pro-cure perspective}}이라고 부르는) 부모들은 전형적인 자폐 행동 자체를 없애기 위한 요법이 자신의 아이들에게 최선이라고 믿는다. 이들은 이러한 요법이 아동들의 고통을 감소시킬 수 있다고 믿는다<ref name=OnCuring>{{웹 인용|언어=영어|url=http://wampum.wabanaki.net/archives/001574.html |title=On "curing" autism |date=2005-01-15 |publisher=wampum.wabanaki.net |accessdate=2007-11-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012161116/http://wampum.wabanaki.net/archives/001574.html |archivedate=October 12, 2008 }}</ref><ref name=NYTLetter>{{웹 인용|언어=영어|url=http://www.sarnet.org/ltr/weintraub1-05.htm |title=Letter to the NY Times from Kit Weintraub |author=Weintraub, Kit |publisher=The Schafer Autism Report |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070928015503/http://www.sarnet.org/ltr/weintraub1-05.htm| archivedate= 28 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> These critics say ABA gives autistic children the best chance of success in adulthood, as they either do not believe it is possible that adult society could accommodate autistic people (who have not been trained by ABA to exhibit neurotypical behavior at all times) or they do not believe it is desirable to do so.
자폐를 장애로 바라보는 (인권운동쪽에서 치료 찬성 관점({{llang|en|pro-cure perspective}})이라고 부르는) 부모들은 전형적인 자폐 행동 자체를 없애기 위한 요법이 자신의 아이들에게 최선이라고 믿는다. 이들은 이러한 요법이 아동들의 고통을 감소시킬 수 있다고 믿는다<ref name=OnCuring>{{웹 인용|언어=영어|url=http://wampum.wabanaki.net/archives/001574.html |title=On "curing" autism |date=2005-01-15 |publisher=wampum.wabanaki.net |accessdate=2007-11-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012161116/http://wampum.wabanaki.net/archives/001574.html |archivedate=October 12, 2008 }}</ref><ref name=NYTLetter>{{웹 인용|언어=영어|url=http://www.sarnet.org/ltr/weintraub1-05.htm |title=Letter to the NY Times from Kit Weintraub |author=Weintraub, Kit |publisher=The Schafer Autism Report |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070928015503/http://www.sarnet.org/ltr/weintraub1-05.htm| archivedate= 2007-09-28}}</ref> 이들 비평자들은 ABA가 자폐 아동에게 성인 시기 최고의 성공 가능성을 준다며, 자폐 사회가 (계속해서 일반전형적 행동을 보여주기 위해 ABA를 훈련받지 않은) 자폐 당사자를 수용할 수 있는지를 믿던 믿지 않던간에 ABA를 시행하는 것이 바람직하다고 말한다.  


Some parents believe that intensive behavioral therapy is the only way to alleviate autistic children's disabilities.<ref name="Harmon"/> Some critics also fear that the movement will prevent autistic children from receiving important therapies. Kit Weintraub has responded to Michelle Dawson's claims that ABA is harmful by insisting that it is medically necessary and appropriate treatment, and that it is harmful to deny it to autistic children who need it.<ref name=Weintraub>Weintraub, Kit. [https://web.archive.org/web/20051216174906/http://asatonline.org/resources/library/moms_perspective.html A Mother's Perspective]. Retrieved on 2007-01-24.</ref>
몇몇 부모들은 강력한 행동 요법이 자폐 아동의 장애를 경감하기 위한 유일한 방법이라고 믿는다<ref name="Harmon"/>. 또다른 비평자들은 이 운동이 자폐 아동이 중요한 요법을 받는 것을 막을 것이라는 사실을 두려워한다. '''키트 바인트라우브'''(Kit Weintraub)는 미셸 다우슨이 ABA가 유해하다고 말한 주장에 대해 ABA가 의학적으로 필요하고 적절한 요법이며, ABA가 필요한 자폐 아동에게 그 필요성을 부정하는 행위는 위험하다고 반박한다<ref name=Weintraub>{{웹 인용|성=Weintraub|이름=Kit|언어=영어|제목=A Mother's Perspective|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051216174906/http://asatonline.org/resources/library/moms_perspective.html|확인일자=2007-01-24}}.</ref>


There are also accusations about how well autistic people of different functioning levels are represented in the movement. Critics of the movement argue that anyone on the autism spectrum who is able to express their desire not to be cured must be [[high-functioning autism|high functioning autistic]] or have Asperger syndrome, [[Lenny Schafer]] argues that if every use of ''autism'' were changed to read ''Asperger syndrome'', then the movement might make sense,<ref name="Harmon"/> although the incorporation of Asperger syndrome into the autism diagnosis in the DSM-5 has been used as a counterargument by the autism rights movement.<ref>Dawson, Michelle. [http://autismcrisis.blogspot.com/2010/02/proposed-new-autism-criteria-dsm-v.html The Autism Crisis: Proposed new autism criteria: the DSM-V]. Retrieved on 2010-05-20.</ref>
뛰어난 기능을 가진 자폐 당사자들이 운동을 자주 대표하는 행위에 대한 비난 또한 있다. 운동에 대한 비판자들은 [[고기능성 자폐]] 당사자나 [[아스퍼거 증후군]]을 가진 사람들만이 치료받지 않고자 하는 욕망을 표현할 수 있다고 주장한다. '''레니 샤퍼'''는 운동 안에서 사용되는 '자폐''아스퍼거 증후군'으로 바꿔 읽으면 이 운동은 논리에 맞을 것이라고 주장한다<ref name="Harmon"/>. 반면 운동 관계자들은 DSM-5 에서 자폐 진단 기준에 아스퍼거 증후군이 포함된 사실을 반례로 내세운다<ref>Dawson, Michelle. [http://autismcrisis.blogspot.com/2010/02/proposed-new-autism-criteria-dsm-v.html The Autism Crisis: Proposed new autism criteria: the DSM-V]. Retrieved on 2010-05-20.</ref>.


[[Sue Rubin]], the subject of the [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-nominated documentary ''[[Autism Is A World]]'', is an example of an autistic adult who is aligned with the cure group. In her opinion, people with Asperger syndrome can communicate well and "pass for normal", while "[[low-functioning autism|low-functioning]]" people have a severe disability; "low functioning people are just trying to get through the day without hurting, tapping, flailing, biting, screaming, etc. The thought of a gold pot of a potion with a cure really would be wonderful."<ref name="SueRubin"/>
[[Sue Rubin]], the subject of the [[Academy Awards|Oscar]]-nominated documentary ''[[Autism Is A World]]'', is an example of an autistic adult who is aligned with the cure group. In her opinion, people with Asperger syndrome can communicate well and "pass for normal", while "[[low-functioning autism|low-functioning]]" people have a severe disability; "low functioning people are just trying to get through the day without hurting, tapping, flailing, biting, screaming, etc. The thought of a gold pot of a potion with a cure really would be wonderful."<ref name="SueRubin"/>