자폐권리운동: 두 판 사이의 차이
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=== 자폐는 장애가 아니다 === | === 자폐는 장애가 아니다 === | ||
현재 자폐는 {{출처|정신의학자들에 의해}} 국제적인 질병편람인 [[DSM]]과 [[ICD]]의 최신판 모두에서 장애로 규정돼 있으며, 이에 따라 자폐 당사자들을 사회가 돌볼 책무가 있다는 관점이 수반되는데, 이는 신경다양성 지지자들이 자폐를 '기능상 변형'(variation in functioning)으로 정의하는 것과 대치된다. | 현재 자폐는 {{출처|정신의학자들에 의해}} 국제적인 질병편람인 [[DSM]]과 [[ICD]]<ref name="icd11asc">{{웹 인용|url=http://id.who.int/icd/entity/437815624|제목=6A02 Autism spectrum disorder|저자=[[세계보건기구]]|확인일자=2018-04-27}}</ref>의 최신판 모두에서 장애로 규정돼 있으며, 이에 따라 자폐 당사자들을 사회가 돌볼 책무가 있다는 관점이 수반되는데, 이는 신경다양성 지지자들이 자폐를 '기능상 변형'(variation in functioning)으로 정의하는 것과 대치된다. | ||
Autism is classified by psychologists as a disorder<!--for instance, in DSM and ICD-->, rather than the variation in functioning preferred by supporters of neurodiversity, with an attendant focus on the burden placed on society in caring for autistic individuals. Caring for autistic individuals has been compared to treating a patient with [[cancer]], though extended over the duration of a normal lifespan.<ref name=Bettelheim>{{cite web |authorlink=Michelle Dawson |last=Dawson |first=Michelle |title=Bettelheim's Worst Crime: Autism and the Epidemic of Irresponsibility |url=http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/md_01.html |publisher=Michelle Dawson's No Autistics Allowed |date=2003-09-09 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071031003227/http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/md_01.html| archivedate= 31 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Autistic children have also been described as being held hostage to a psychiatric disorder.<ref name=Kaufman>Kaufman, Joanne. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/business/media/14adco.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Campaign on Childhood Mental Illness Succeeds at Being Provocative]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. 2007-12-14. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.</ref> [[Boyd Haley]], an [[Vaccine controversies|anti-vaccine activist]] and early promoter of the [[Thiomersal controversy|debunked claim that thimerosol causes autism]], labeled the disease as "mad child disease" (akin to [[mad cow disease]]), which some autistic individuals and their parents have found highly offensive.<ref name="Offit2010">{{cite book|author=Paul A. Offit|title=Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=er6rAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|date=2 April 2010|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14637-1|page=132}}</ref><ref name=Dignity>{{cite web |url=http://www.neurodiversity.com/mothers_for_dignity.html |title=Petition to Defend the Dignity of Autistic Citizens |publisher=neurodiversity.com |date=July 2005 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224839/http://www.neurodiversity.com/mothers_for_dignity.html| archivedate= 27 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> [[Margaret Somerville]], founding director of the [[McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law]], said that with activism there is a direct goal and it is sometimes necessary to sacrifice complexity and nuance to make a point, but some autistic activists don't believe desperation justifies the rhetoric.<ref name="RogerCollier"/> [[Bennett L. Leventhal]] said he understands concern about comparing autistic children to hostages but thinks the campaigns make the point that these are real diseases that will consume children if untreated.<ref name="Kaufman"/> Autistic rights activists also reject terming the reported increase in autism diagnoses as an '[[epidemic]]' since the word implies autism is a disease.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neurodiversity.com/mind_epidemic.html |title=The "Autism Epidemic" & Real Epidemics |date=2005-03-25 |accessdate=2008-01-04 |publisher=neurodiversity.com }}</ref> | Autism is classified by psychologists as a disorder<!--for instance, in DSM and ICD-->, rather than the variation in functioning preferred by supporters of neurodiversity, with an attendant focus on the burden placed on society in caring for autistic individuals. Caring for autistic individuals has been compared to treating a patient with [[cancer]], though extended over the duration of a normal lifespan.<ref name=Bettelheim>{{cite web |authorlink=Michelle Dawson |last=Dawson |first=Michelle |title=Bettelheim's Worst Crime: Autism and the Epidemic of Irresponsibility |url=http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/md_01.html |publisher=Michelle Dawson's No Autistics Allowed |date=2003-09-09 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071031003227/http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/md_01.html| archivedate= 31 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Autistic children have also been described as being held hostage to a psychiatric disorder.<ref name=Kaufman>Kaufman, Joanne. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/business/media/14adco.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Campaign on Childhood Mental Illness Succeeds at Being Provocative]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. 2007-12-14. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.</ref> [[Boyd Haley]], an [[Vaccine controversies|anti-vaccine activist]] and early promoter of the [[Thiomersal controversy|debunked claim that thimerosol causes autism]], labeled the disease as "mad child disease" (akin to [[mad cow disease]]), which some autistic individuals and their parents have found highly offensive.<ref name="Offit2010">{{cite book|author=Paul A. Offit|title=Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=er6rAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|date=2 April 2010|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14637-1|page=132}}</ref><ref name=Dignity>{{cite web |url=http://www.neurodiversity.com/mothers_for_dignity.html |title=Petition to Defend the Dignity of Autistic Citizens |publisher=neurodiversity.com |date=July 2005 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224839/http://www.neurodiversity.com/mothers_for_dignity.html| archivedate= 27 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> [[Margaret Somerville]], founding director of the [[McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law]], said that with activism there is a direct goal and it is sometimes necessary to sacrifice complexity and nuance to make a point, but some autistic activists don't believe desperation justifies the rhetoric.<ref name="RogerCollier"/> [[Bennett L. Leventhal]] said he understands concern about comparing autistic children to hostages but thinks the campaigns make the point that these are real diseases that will consume children if untreated.<ref name="Kaufman"/> Autistic rights activists also reject terming the reported increase in autism diagnoses as an '[[epidemic]]' since the word implies autism is a disease.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neurodiversity.com/mind_epidemic.html |title=The "Autism Epidemic" & Real Epidemics |date=2005-03-25 |accessdate=2008-01-04 |publisher=neurodiversity.com }}</ref> | ||