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2018년 4월 23일 (월) 15:10 판

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 몇몇 자폐인권 활동가들은 자폐적 특성으로 서술되고 있는 몇몇 특징들이 단순한 오해라고 믿고 있다<ref>{{언어고리|en}} {{웹 인용 |url=http://isnt.autistics.org/ |title=What is NT? |publisher=Institute for the Study of the Neurologically Typical |date=2002-03-18 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071017031902/http://isnt.autistics.org/| archivedate= 17 October 2007}}</ref>. 미셸 다우슨은 자폐인들 중 75%의 지능이 낮다는 믿음에 반박했으며<ref name=RogerCollier>{{언어고리|en}} {{웹 인용|성=Collier|이름=Roger|제목=Autism|출판사=The Ottawa Citizen|url=http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/observer/story.html?id=71fae5dc-7eb5-48fd-8f60-78deebee9879&p=1|날짜=2007-12-01|확인일자=2008-02-17}}</ref>, 영국 [[전국자폐협회]](NAS)는 영국 내에서 [[지적장애]]를 동반한 자폐인의 비율을 44~52%로 보고 있다<ref name=nas_myth>{{언어고리|en}} {{웹 인용|url=http://www.autism.org.uk/about/what-is/myths-facts-stats.aspx|저자=[[전국자폐협회]]|제목=Autism facts and history|확인일자=2018-04-23}}</ref>. 몬트리올 출신의 정신의학 의사 '''로랭 모트론'''(Laurent Mottron)도 자폐성 장애인들이 일반적인 IQ 테스트 결과보다 무언어 [[요약추론]] 테스트 결과가 더 좋다고 지적하고 있다<ref name=Bower>{{언어고리|en}} {{웹 인용 |이름=Bower|성=Bruce| |url=http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20070707/fob4.asp |title=Hidden Smarts: Abstract thought trumps IQ scores in autism  |publisher=Science News Online |date=2007-07-07 |accessdate=2007-11-08 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012225228/http://www.sciencenews.org/articles/20070707/fob4.asp  |archivedate=2007-10-12 |volume=172 |issue=1 |page=4 }}</ref>.
-더 나아가 몇몇 활동가들은 자폐적 삶을 정상으로, 일반인을 비정상인으로 규정하기도 한다. 몇몇 자폐인은 비자폐인 자신의 감각이 둔하다고 주장하며, 이들 모두가 "다른 [[마음 이론]]"이 부족한 특성을 지닌 [[정신장애]]인 [[무자폐]](Allism)인이라고 설명하면서, 이러한 믿음에 기반한 패러디 글을 작성하기도 한다<ref>{{언어고리|en}} {{cite web |url=http://hem.spray.se/erik.engdahl/autism/isnt/salanne.html |title=The Sal and Anne Test: Implications, and Theory of Mind |publisher=Institute for the Study of the Neurologically Typical |date= 1998-09-26|accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{언어고리|en}} {{cite web |url=http://hem.spray.se/erik.engdahl/autism/isnt/theory_of_mind.html |title=NT Theory of Mind |publisher=Institute for the Study of the Neurologically Typical |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>. 일찍부터 동일한 비판의 대상이 되어 온 짐 신클레어도, "자기옹호 반대편의 정치"에 대해 세세하게 설명해 왔다<ref name=ANIHist />.
+더 나아가 몇몇 활동가들은 자폐적 삶을 정상으로, 일반인을 비정상인으로 규정하기도 한다. 몇몇 자폐인은 비자폐인이 오히려 감각이 둔하다고 주장하며, 이들 모두가 "다른 [[마음 이론]]"이 부족한 특성을 지닌 [[정신장애]]인 [[무자폐]](Allism)인이라고 설명하면서, 이러한 믿음에 기반한 패러디 글을 작성하기도 한다<ref>{{언어고리|en}} {{cite web |url=http://hem.spray.se/erik.engdahl/autism/isnt/salanne.html |title=The Sal and Anne Test: Implications, and Theory of Mind |publisher=Institute for the Study of the Neurologically Typical |date= 1998-09-26|accessdate=2012-03-21}}</ref><ref>{{언어고리|en}} {{cite web |url=http://hem.spray.se/erik.engdahl/autism/isnt/theory_of_mind.html |title=NT Theory of Mind |publisher=Institute for the Study of the Neurologically Typical |accessdate=2012-11-03}}</ref>. 일찍부터 동일한 비판의 대상이 되어 온 짐 신클레어도, "자기옹호 반대편의 정치"에 대해 세세하게 설명해 왔다<ref name=ANIHist />.
-The controversy has erupted on autism e-mail lists, where "curebie" is used as a derogatory term for parents who are portrayed as "slaves to conformity, so anxious for their children to appear normal that they cannot respect their way of communicating".<ref name="Harmon"/>  These parents respond that this attitude shows "a typical autistic lack of empathy by suggesting that they should not try to help their children". Lenny Schafer said that the autism-like lack of [[empathy]] of anti-cure activists prevent them from seeing what is in the hearts of pro-cure advocates.<ref>Schafer, Lenny. [https://web.archive.org/web/20050507231402/http://lists.envirolink.org/pipermail/sareport/Week-of-Mon-20050110/000350.html "Response to Letters: Somewhere Over the Spectrum, Part 3."] Volume 9 Number 5. (January 2005). Retrieved on 2008-01-04.</ref>
+자폐 관련 이메일리스트에는 '적합성의 노예로, 자기 아들딸이 정상처럼 보였으면 하며 염려함으로 그들의 소통 방식을 존중하지 못하는 사람들"로 그려진 부모들을 경멸조로 '치료쟁이'(curebie)라고 불러 논쟁이 일어나기도 했다<ref name="Harmon"/>. 논쟁에서 부모들은 이러한 태도가 '부모들이 자신의 자녀들을 돕지 말아야 한다고 주장함으로서 자폐인의 전형적인 공감 부족"을 보여준다고 대응했다. 레니 샤퍼(Lenny Schafer)는 자폐 같은 반치료 행동가들의 공감 부족이 치료에 찬성하는 옹호자들의 마음 속에 무엇이 있는지 보지 못하게 한다고 말했다.<ref>Schafer, Lenny. [https://web.archive.org/web/20050507231402/http://lists.envirolink.org/pipermail/sareport/Week-of-Mon-20050110/000350.html "Response to Letters: Somewhere Over the Spectrum, Part 3."] Volume 9 Number 5. (January 2005). Retrieved on 2008-01-04.</ref>
 === 자폐는 장애가 아니다 ===
+현재 자폐는 {{출처|정신의학자들에 의해}} 국제적인 질병편람인 [[DSM]]과 [[ICD]]의 최신판 모두에서 장애로 규정돼 있으며, 이에 따라 자폐 당사자들을 사회가 돌볼 책무가 있다는 관점이 수반되는데, 이는 신경다양성 지지자들이 '기능의 변형'(variation in functioning)으로 정의하는것과 대치된다.
 Autism is classified by psychologists as a disorder<!--for instance, in DSM and ICD-->, rather than the variation in functioning preferred by supporters of neurodiversity, with an attendant focus on the burden placed on society in caring for autistic individuals. Caring for autistic individuals has been compared to treating a patient with [[cancer]], though extended over the duration of a normal lifespan.<ref name=Bettelheim>{{cite web |authorlink=Michelle Dawson |last=Dawson |first=Michelle |title=Bettelheim's Worst Crime: Autism and the Epidemic of Irresponsibility |url=http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/md_01.html |publisher=Michelle Dawson's No Autistics Allowed |date=2003-09-09 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071031003227/http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/md_01.html| archivedate= 31 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Autistic children have also been described as being held hostage to a psychiatric disorder.<ref name=Kaufman>Kaufman, Joanne. [https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/business/media/14adco.html?_r=1&oref=slogin Campaign on Childhood Mental Illness Succeeds at Being Provocative]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. 2007-12-14. Retrieved on 2008-02-24.</ref> [[Boyd Haley]], an [[Vaccine controversies|anti-vaccine activist]] and early promoter of the [[Thiomersal controversy|debunked claim that thimerosol causes autism]], labeled the disease as "mad child disease" (akin to [[mad cow disease]]), which some autistic individuals and their parents have found highly offensive.<ref name="Offit2010">{{cite book|author=Paul A. Offit|title=Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=er6rAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|date=2 April 2010|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14637-1|page=132}}</ref><ref name=Dignity>{{cite web |url=http://www.neurodiversity.com/mothers_for_dignity.html |title=Petition to Defend the Dignity of Autistic Citizens |publisher=neurodiversity.com |date=July 2005 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224839/http://www.neurodiversity.com/mothers_for_dignity.html| archivedate= 27 September 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> [[Margaret Somerville]], founding director of the [[McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law]], said that with activism there is a direct goal and it is sometimes necessary to sacrifice complexity and nuance to make a point, but some autistic activists don't believe desperation justifies the rhetoric.<ref name="RogerCollier"/> [[Bennett L. Leventhal]] said he understands concern about comparing autistic children to hostages but thinks the campaigns make the point that these are real diseases that will consume children if untreated.<ref name="Kaufman"/> Autistic rights activists also reject terming the reported increase in autism diagnoses as an '[[epidemic]]' since the word implies autism is a disease.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neurodiversity.com/mind_epidemic.html |title=The "Autism Epidemic" & Real Epidemics |date=2005-03-25 |accessdate=2008-01-04 |publisher=neurodiversity.com }}</ref>