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자폐권리운동: 두 판 사이의 차이

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2018년 5월 3일 (목) 01:56 판

315 바이트 제거됨 ,  2018년 5월 3일 (목)
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=== 자폐 당사자도 자폐와 관련된 논의에 포함되어야 한다 ===
=== 자폐 당사자도 자폐와 관련된 논의에 포함되어야 한다 ===
자폐 인권 행동가들과 신경다양성 그룹들 사이에서 표현되는 주요 주제중 하나는 자신들이 현재 자폐판을 주도하는 부모나 전문가가 이끄는 단체들과 모임들과 다르다는 것이다. 미셀 다우슨은 자폐 당사자를 배재한 채 컨퍼런스에서 자기 자폐 아이를 대신해 말하는 부모들을 허용하는 현재의 규범을 비판한다. 그녀는 "행정부, 법원, 연구가, 서비스 제공자와 모금 단체들과 행복하고 자랑스러운 협력을 통해, 부모들은 자폐와 관련해 발생되는 중요한 토론과 결정에서 자폐 당사자가 주변에 얼씬도 하지 못하도록 하는데 성공해 왔다"고 발언했다. 이러한 제외는 자폐를 직접적으로 경험하지 못한 사람들만에 의해 정책이나 치료와 관련된 결정이 나오는 결과를 일으킨다<ref name="Bettelheim"/>. 짐 신클레어도 자폐 컨퍼런스들이 전통적으로 일반신경적 부모들과 전문가들에 맟춰져 왔다며, 이것이 자폐 당사자들에게는 감각 자극이나 경직성 측면에서 꽤 '적대적일'수 있다고 말한다<ref name="ANIHist"/>.
자폐 인권 행동가들과 신경다양성 그룹들 사이에서 표현되는 주요 주제중 하나는 자신들이 현재 자폐판을 주도하는 부모나 전문가가 이끄는 단체들과 모임들과 다르다는 것이다. 미셀 다우슨은 자폐 당사자를 배재한 채 컨퍼런스에서 자기 자폐 아이를 대신해 말하는 부모들을 허용하는 현재의 규범을 비판한다. 그녀는 "행정부, 법원, 연구가, 서비스 제공자와 모금 단체들과 행복하고 자랑스러운 협력을 통해, 부모들은 자폐와 관련해 발생되는 중요한 토론과 결정에서 자폐 당사자가 주변에 얼씬도 하지 못하도록 하는데 성공해 왔다"고 발언했다. 이러한 제외는 자폐를 직접적으로 경험하지 못한 사람들만에 의해 정책이나 치료와 관련된 결정이 나오는 결과를 일으킨다<ref name="Bettelheim"/>. 짐 신클레어도 자폐 컨퍼런스들이 전통적으로 일반신경적 부모들과 전문가들에 맟춰져 왔다며, 이것이 자폐 당사자들에게는 감각 자극이나 경직성 측면에서 꽤 '적대적일'수 있다고 말한다<ref name="ANIHist"/>.


In defiance of the common complaint that anti-cure advocates' ability to articulate complex opinions in writing—which some critics see as being impossible for autistic people<ref name="Dawson"/>—autistic adults such as Amanda Baggs use their own writing and videos to demonstrate that it is possible for severely disabled autistics to be autism rights advocates.<ref name=Wolman>Wolman, David. [https://www.wired.com/medtech/health/magazine/16-03/ff_autism The Truth About Autism: Scientists Reconsider What They Think They Know]. Retrieved on 2010-05.20.</ref> She says that when the critics assume that intelligent and articulate autistic people do not have difficulties like self-injurious behavior and difficulty with self-care, they affect the opinions of policy makers and make it more difficult for intelligent and articulate autistic people to get services. Baggs cites an example of an autistic person who was denied services when it was discovered that she could type.<ref name=BaggsToKit>{{cite web|author=Baggs, AM |year=2005 |url=http://www.autistics.org/library/ambweintraub.html |title=To the Kit Weintraubs of the World |publisher=Autistics.org |accessdate=2007-11-07 |authorlink=Amanda Baggs| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071013143015/http://autistics.org/library/ambweintraub.html| archivedate= 13 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
In defiance of the common complaint that anti-cure advocates' ability to articulate complex opinions in writing—which some critics see as being impossible for autistic people<ref name="Dawson"/>—autistic adults such as Amanda Baggs use their own writing and videos to demonstrate that it is possible for severely disabled autistics to be autism rights advocates.<ref name=Wolman>Wolman, David. [https://www.wired.com/medtech/health/magazine/16-03/ff_autism The Truth About Autism: Scientists Reconsider What They Think They Know]. Retrieved on 2010-05.20.</ref> She says that when the critics assume that intelligent and articulate autistic people do not have difficulties like self-injurious behavior and difficulty with self-care, they affect the opinions of policy makers and make it more difficult for intelligent and articulate autistic people to get services. Baggs cites an example of an autistic person who was denied services when it was discovered that she could type.<ref name=BaggsToKit>{{cite web|author=Baggs, AM |year=2005 |url=http://www.autistics.org/library/ambweintraub.html |title=To the Kit Weintraubs of the World |publisher=Autistics.org |accessdate=2007-11-07 |authorlink=Amanda Baggs| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071013143015/http://autistics.org/library/ambweintraub.html| archivedate= 13 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>
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{{본문|자폐요법}}
{{본문|자폐요법}}


[[자유를 원하는 아스피들]](AFF)은 자폐에 대한 대부분의 보편적인 요법이 무해한 [[자기자극행동]]을 없애고, [[눈맞추기]]를 강요하고 반복행동을 없애는데 촛점이 맞춰져 있기 때문에, 비윤리적이라고 선언했다. AFF는 [[응용행동분석]]요법과 자기자극행동의 제약 및 "다른 자폐와 대립하는 매커니즘들"이 정신적으로 위험하며, 혐오요법과 구속도구의 사용은 물리적으로 위험하고, [[킬레이톤]] 같은 대안 요법은 위험하다고 주장했다.
[[자유를 원하는 아스피들]](AFF)은 자폐에 대한 대부분의 보편적인 요법이 무해한 [[자기자극행동]]을 없애고, [[눈맞추기]]를 강요하고 반복행동을 없애는데 촛점이 맞춰져 있기 때문에, 비윤리적이라고 선언했다. AFF는 [[응용행동분석]]요법과 자기자극행동의 제약 및 "다른 자폐와 대립하는 매커니즘들"이 정신적으로 위험하며, 혐오요법과 구속도구의 사용은 물리적으로 위험하고, [[킬레이톤]] 같은 대안 요법은 위험하다고 주장했다{{출처}}. 캐나다인 자폐 옹호자인 미셸 다우슨은, 정부가 [[ABA]] 요법에 예산 지원을 중단할 것을 요구하는 소송을 걸었다<ref name=Dawson />. 또한 '''제인 메옐딩'''(Jane Meyerding)은 자폐 당사자가 소통하고자 하는 시도를 요법들이 제거하는 것과 마찬가지라는 점에서, 자폐적인 행동을 제거하고자 노력하는 요법들을 비판했다<ref name="Harmon"/>.
[[Aspies For Freedom]] stated that the most common therapies for autism are unethical, since they focus on extinguishing harmless [[stimming]], forcing [[eye contact]] and breaking routines. AFF argued that [[Applied Behavior Analysis|ABA]] therapy and restriction of stimming "and other autistic coping mechanisms" are mentally harmful, that [[aversion therapy]] and the use of restraints are physically harmful, and that alternative treatments like [[chelation]] are dangerous.<ref name="AFF"/> [[Michelle Dawson]], a Canadian autism self-advocate, testified in court against government funding of ABA therapy.<ref name=Dawson />  An autistic person named Jane Meyerding criticized therapy which attempts to remove autistic behaviors because she says that the behaviors that the therapy tries to remove are attempts to communicate.<ref name="Harmon"/>


=== 자폐 유전자는 제거되어서는 안 된다 ===
=== 자폐 유전자는 제거되어서는 안 된다 ===
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[[Jim Sinclair (activist)|Jim Sinclair]], a leader in the movement, argues that autism is essential to a person, not a disease secondary to the person. Sinclair says that wishing that an autistic person be cured is equivalent to wishing that they disappear and another completely different person exist in their place.<ref name=DontMourn>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonds-institute.org/dontmour.html |title=Don't mourn for us |publisher=The Edmonds Institute |author=Sinclair, Jim |year=1993 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071020225532/http://www.edmonds-institute.org/dontmour.html| archivedate= 20 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Visions for a future where autism has been eradicated, Sinclair believes, is the desire to end [[Sociological and cultural aspects of autism|the autistic culture]].<ref name="DontMourn"/>
[[Jim Sinclair (activist)|Jim Sinclair]], a leader in the movement, argues that autism is essential to a person, not a disease secondary to the person. Sinclair says that wishing that an autistic person be cured is equivalent to wishing that they disappear and another completely different person exist in their place.<ref name=DontMourn>{{cite web |url=http://www.edmonds-institute.org/dontmour.html |title=Don't mourn for us |publisher=The Edmonds Institute |author=Sinclair, Jim |year=1993 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071020225532/http://www.edmonds-institute.org/dontmour.html| archivedate= 20 October 2007 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> Visions for a future where autism has been eradicated, Sinclair believes, is the desire to end [[Sociological and cultural aspects of autism|the autistic culture]].<ref name="DontMourn"/>


Some movement members with [[Asperger syndrome]], who do not have the language differences typical of autistic individuals, believe their way of life should be respected and they should be left alone completely. Other members agree that autistics should not be made to act exactly like everyone else, but that they should receive therapy to help them learn to communicate in innovative ways or regulate emotions.<ref name="RogerCollier"/><ref name=Woodford>Woodford, Gillian. [http://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/2006/04_30/3_patients_practice05_8.html "'We Don't Need To Be Cured,' Autistics Say."] ''National Review of Medicine.'' Volume 3 Number 8. 2006-04-30. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.</ref> [[Simon Baron-Cohen]], a professor of [[developmental psychology]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] and an autism researcher, expressed the latter view.<ref>{{cite journal |title=In a different world |year=2001 |journal=New Scientist |author=Else L |issue=2286 |pages=42}}</ref> Baron-Cohen said:<ref name="SanerDisease"/>
Some movement members with [[Asperger syndrome]], who do not have the language differences typical of autistic individuals, believe their way of life should be respected and they should be left alone completely. Other members agree that autistics should not be made to act exactly like everyone else, but that they should receive therapy to help them learn to communicate in innovative ways or regulate emotions.<ref name="RogerCollier"/><ref name=Woodford>Woodford, Gillian. [http://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/2006/04_30/3_patients_practice05_8.html "'We Don't Need To Be Cured,' Autistics Say."] ''National Review of Medicine.'' Volume 3 Number 8. 2006-04-30. Retrieved on 2008-02-10.</ref> [[캠브리지대학교|캠브리지대]] 트리니티 콜리지  [[사이먼 배론코언]], a professor of [[developmental psychology]] at [[Trinity College, Cambridge]] and an autism researcher, expressed the latter view.<ref>{{cite journal |title=In a different world |year=2001 |journal=New Scientist |author=Else L |issue=2286 |pages=42}}</ref> 배론코언은 다음과 같이 말했다<ref name="SanerDisease"/>.
{{인용문2|I do think there is a benefit in trying to help people with autism-spectrum conditions with areas of difficulty such as emotion recognition. Nobody would dispute the place for interventions that alleviate areas of difficulty, while leaving the areas of strength untouched. But to talk about a 'cure for autism' is a sledge-hammer approach and the fear would be that in the process of alleviating the areas of difficulty, the qualities that are special - such as the remarkable attention to detail, and the ability to concentrate for long periods on a small topic in depth - would be lost. Autism is both a disability and a difference. We need to find ways of alleviating the disability while respecting and valuing the difference.}}
{{인용문|I do think there is a benefit in trying to help people with autism-spectrum conditions with areas of difficulty such as emotion recognition. Nobody would dispute the place for interventions that alleviate areas of difficulty, while leaving the areas of strength untouched. But to talk about a 'cure for autism' is a sledge-hammer approach and the fear would be that in the process of alleviating the areas of difficulty, the qualities that are special - such as the remarkable attention to detail, and the ability to concentrate for long periods on a small topic in depth - would be lost. Autism is both a disability and a difference. We need to find ways of alleviating the disability while respecting and valuing the difference.}}


== 어티즘 스픽스에 대한 보이콧 ==
== 어티즘 스픽스에 대한 보이콧 ==
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