편집
7,241
번
잔글
→역사
잔글 (→역사) |
잔글 (→역사) |
||
| 7번째 줄: | 7번째 줄: | ||
== 역사 == | == 역사 == | ||
80년대 후반, '''짐 신클레어'''(Jim Sinclair)가 자폐를 인권적 관점에서 말하면서 반치료주의를 주장하기 시작했다<ref name="Solomon"/>. 1992년, 신클레어는 "자폐성 당사자들을 위해 당사자들이 작성한" 뉴스레터를 출간하는 단체인 '''국제자폐네트워크'''(Autism Network International, ANI)을 공동창립한다. 신클레어를 펜팔 목록과 자폐 [[컨퍼런스]]를 통해 알게 된 돈나 윌리엄스(Donna Williams)와 캐시 그랜트(Kathy Grant)도 ANI의 창립에 관여했다. ANI의 뉴스레터, '''우리 목소리'''(Our Voice)의 첫 호는 자폐 관련 전문가와 젊은 자폐당사자의 부모들을 대상으로 1992년 11월에 온라인으로 배포되기 시작했다. 단체 내 자폐 당사자의 수는 시간이 지나며 서서히 자라나, 마침내 자폐와 비슷한 사람들을 위한 소통 내트워크가 됐다.<ref name=ANIHist>{{웹 인용|성=Sinclair|이름=Jim|url=http://web.syr.edu/~jisincla/History_of_ANI.html|제목=History of ANI|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126000000/http://web.syr.edu/~jisincla/History_of_ANI.html |보존날짜=2009-01-26|확인일자=2005-11-12}}.</ref> 1996년에, ANI의 주도로 미국의 자폐 당사자 대상 연간 [[리트리트]](수련회) [[어트리트]](Autreat)가 생겨나, 2001년을 제외하고 2013년까지 매해 열렸다.<ref name=ANIHist /> | 80년대 후반, '''짐 신클레어'''(Jim Sinclair)가 자폐를 인권적 관점에서 말하면서 반치료주의를 주장하기 시작했다<ref name="Solomon"/>. 1992년, 신클레어는 "자폐성 당사자들을 위해 당사자들이 작성한" 뉴스레터를 출간하는 단체인 '''국제자폐네트워크'''(Autism Network International, ANI)을 공동창립한다. 신클레어를 펜팔 목록과 자폐 [[컨퍼런스]]를 통해 알게 된 돈나 윌리엄스(Donna Williams)와 캐시 그랜트(Kathy Grant)도 ANI의 창립에 관여했다. ANI의 뉴스레터, '''우리 목소리'''(Our Voice)의 첫 호는 자폐 관련 전문가와 젊은 자폐당사자의 부모들을 대상으로 1992년 11월에 온라인으로 배포되기 시작했다. 단체 내 자폐 당사자의 수는 시간이 지나며 서서히 자라나, 마침내 자폐와 비슷한 사람들을 위한 소통 내트워크가 됐다.<ref name=ANIHist>{{언어고리|en}}{{웹 인용|성=Sinclair|이름=Jim|url=http://web.syr.edu/~jisincla/History_of_ANI.html|제목=History of ANI|보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126000000/http://web.syr.edu/~jisincla/History_of_ANI.html |보존날짜=2009-01-26|확인일자=2005-11-12}}.</ref> 1996년에, ANI의 주도로 미국의 자폐 당사자 대상 연간 [[리트리트]](수련회) [[어트리트]](Autreat)가 생겨나, 2001년을 제외하고 2013년까지 매해 열렸다.<ref name=ANIHist /> | ||
2004년에, ''' | 2004년에, '''미셸 다우슨'''(Michelle Dawson)은 [[행동응용분석]] ([[ABA]])의 윤리적 기반에 대해 문제를 제기했다. 그는 '''어톤 대 브리티시 콜롬비아주'''(Auton (Guardian ad litem of) v. British Columbia (Attorney General)) 사건에서 ABA의 정부 기금 요구에 대항하는 입장으로 증언했다<ref name="RogerCollier"/>. 같은 해 [[뉴욕타임즈]]는 기자 '''에이미 하몬'''(Amy Harmon)이 자폐인권적 관점에서 작성한 기사 "치료를 멈춰줄래요? 라고 몇몇 자폐인들이 요청하다"(How about not curing us? Some autistics are pleading.)를 보도했다<ref name=Harmon>{{언어고리|en}}{{뉴스 인용|last=Harmon |first=Amy |title=How About Not 'Curing' Us, Some Autistics Are Pleading |date=2004-12-20 |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/20/health/20autism.html |확인날자=2007-11-07 |보존url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111202073041/http://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/20/health/20autism.html |보존일자=December 2, 2011}}</ref>. 또한 이 해 [[자유를 원하는 아스피들]](Aspies For Freedom, AFF)가 생겨났으며, AFF는 다음해인 [[2005년]]부터 [[6월 18일]]을 [[자폐 자랑의 날]](Autistic Pride Day)로 지정해 기념하기 시작했다. AFF는 또한 '''전국자폐연구연대'''(National Alliance for Autism Research), '''당장 자폐를 치료하라'''(Cure Autism Now), '''저지 로텐베르크 센터'''(Judge Rotenberg Center)에 대한 항의행동을 시작하는데 기여했다<ref name="Harmon"/>. | ||
2006년에는 자폐 아동의 어머니인 '''에스테 클라르'''(Estée Klar)가 자폐인 조언자와 이사들의 도움을 받아 '''자폐 수용 프로젝트'''(Autism Acceptance Project)를 창립했다. <ref name="taaproject">{{언어고리|en}}{{웹 인용|url=http://www.taaproject.com/|제목=TAAProject | The Autism Acceptance Project|출판사=taaproject.com|확인일자=2014-11-04}}</ref> The project affiliated with The Autistic Self Advocacy Network and other activist groups in North America and was one of the first to sign the petition against the New York Child Study Campaign. It is also recognized by ASAN in a letter to the United Nations of being one of the first autism organizations to promote autism acceptance. From 2005-8, TAAProject organized arts-based events to show the public an active autism rights movement that burgeoned online. In addition, it sponsored the controversial Joy of Autism: Redefining Ability and Quality of Life events and lectures in Toronto, featuring dozens of autistic artists and speakers including Jim Sinclair, Michelle Dawson, Phil Schwartz, Morton Ann Gernsbacher, Larry Bissonnette and more. In 2014, TAAProject worked with York University to bring non-verbal autistic self-advocates who type to communicate, Larry Bissonnette and Tracy Thresher to discuss autism and screen the film Wretches & Jabberers. Estee Klar continues her work also in Critical Disability Studies (PhD program) at York University in Toronto. | |||
In 2008, the [[Autistic Self Advocacy Network]] (ASAN) succeeded in halting two ad campaigns it stated were demeaning to autistics. The first ads were a series published by the NYU Child Study Center that appeared in the form of ransom notes. One read, "We have your son. We will make sure he will no longer be able to care for himself or interact socially as long as he lives. This is only the beginning", and was signed, "Autism".<ref name="Solomon"/> The second ads were published by [[PETA]] and featured a bowl of milk with the left over bits of cereal forming a frowning face. The text read, "Got autism?" and was meant to advertise what PETA claims is a link between autism and the [[gluten-free, casein-free diet|casein]] in milk. Phone calls, letters and petitions organized by ASAN led to the removal of these ads.<ref name="peta.org">http://www.peta.org/features/got-autism-learn-link-dairy-products-disease/ Got Autism? Learn About the Links Between Dairy Products and the Disorder] [[PETA]]. Retrieved on 2008-11-24.</ref><ref name="PETA Billboard Removal">Ne'eman, Ari. (October 2008) [http://www.autisticadvocacy.org/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=35 PETA Billboard Removal.] The Autistic Self Advocacy Network.</ref> | In 2008, the [[Autistic Self Advocacy Network]] (ASAN) succeeded in halting two ad campaigns it stated were demeaning to autistics. The first ads were a series published by the NYU Child Study Center that appeared in the form of ransom notes. One read, "We have your son. We will make sure he will no longer be able to care for himself or interact socially as long as he lives. This is only the beginning", and was signed, "Autism".<ref name="Solomon"/> The second ads were published by [[PETA]] and featured a bowl of milk with the left over bits of cereal forming a frowning face. The text read, "Got autism?" and was meant to advertise what PETA claims is a link between autism and the [[gluten-free, casein-free diet|casein]] in milk. Phone calls, letters and petitions organized by ASAN led to the removal of these ads.<ref name="peta.org">http://www.peta.org/features/got-autism-learn-link-dairy-products-disease/ Got Autism? Learn About the Links Between Dairy Products and the Disorder] [[PETA]]. Retrieved on 2008-11-24.</ref><ref name="PETA Billboard Removal">Ne'eman, Ari. (October 2008) [http://www.autisticadvocacy.org/modules/smartsection/item.php?itemid=35 PETA Billboard Removal.] The Autistic Self Advocacy Network.</ref> | ||