자폐권리운동: 두 판 사이의 차이

현재 자폐는 {{출처|정신의학자들에 의해}} 국제적인 질병편람인 [[DSM]]과 [[ICD]]<ref name="icd11asc">{{언어고리|en}} {{웹 인용|url=https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f437815624|제목=6A02 Autism spectrum disorder|저자=[[세계보건기구]]|확인일자=2018-04-27}}</ref>의 최신판 모두에서 장애로 규정돼 있으며, 이에 따라 자폐 당사자들을 사회가 돌볼 책무가 있다는 관점이 수반되는데, 이는 신경다양성 지지자들이 자폐를 '기능상 변형'(variation in functioning)으로 정의하는 것과 대치된다. 자폐 당사자를 돌보는 것은 전 생애주기에 걸쳐 있음에도 불구하고 [[암]] 환자를 치료하는 것과 비교된다<ref name=Bettelheim>{{언어고리|en}} {{cite web |authorlink=Michelle Dawson |last=Dawson |first=Michelle |title=Bettelheim's Worst Crime: Autism and the Epidemic of Irresponsibility |url=http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/md_01.html |publisher=Michelle Dawson's No Autistics Allowed |date=2003-09-09 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071031003227/http://www.sentex.net/~nexus23/md_01.html| archivedate=2007-10-31}}</ref>. 또한 자폐를 가진 어린이들 또한 정신과적 장애에 사로잡힌 것처럼 묘사되고 있다<ref name=Kaufman>{{언어고리|en}} {{기사 인용|성=Kaufman|이름=Joanne|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/14/business/media/14adco.html?_r=1&oref=slogin|제목=Campaign on Childhood Mental Illness Succeeds at Being Provocative|출판사=[[뉴욕타임즈]]|날짜=2007-12-14|확인일자=2008-02-24}}</ref>. 백신 반대론자이자 [[티오메르살 논쟁|티오메르살(Thiomersal)이 장애를 촉발한다고 주장한]] '''보이드 할리'''(Boyd Haley)는, 자폐성 장애를 [[미친 소]]가 일으키는 광우병에 빗대 '미친 아이 질병'(광아병(狂兒病), mad child disease)이라고 불렀으며, 이는 자폐성 당사자와 보호자들이 높은 불쾌감을 느끼게 했다<ref name="Offit2010">{{언어고리|en}} {{책 인용|이름=Paul|성=A. Offit|title=Autism's False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=er6rAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132|date=2010-04-02|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14637-1|쪽=132}}</ref><ref name=Dignity>{{cite web |url=http://www.neurodiversity.com/mothers_for_dignity.html |title=Petition to Defend the Dignity of Autistic Citizens|date=July 2005 |accessdate=2007-11-07| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20070927224839/http://www.neurodiversity.com/mothers_for_dignity.html| archivedate= 27 September 2007}}</ref>. 맥길 약품·윤리·법률센터의 창시자인 '''마가렛 서머빌'''(Margaret Somerville)은 행동

[[Margaret Somerville]], founding director of the [[McGill Centre for Medicine, Ethics and Law]], said that with activism there is a direct goal and it is sometimes necessary to sacrifice complexity and nuance to make a point, but some autistic activists don't believe desperation justifies the rhetoric.<ref name="RogerCollier"/> [[Bennett L. Leventhal]] said he understands concern about comparing autistic children to hostages but thinks the campaigns make the point that these are real diseases that will consume children if untreated.<ref name="Kaufman"/> Autistic rights activists also reject terming the reported increase in autism diagnoses as an '[[epidemic]]' since the word implies autism is a disease.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.neurodiversity.com/mind_epidemic.html |title=The "Autism Epidemic" & Real Epidemics |date=2005-03-25 |accessdate=2008-01-04 |publisher=neurodiversity.com }}</ref>

Attempts have been made to place a figure on the financial cost of autism, addressed to both scholarly<ref>{{cite book |author1=John L R Rubenstein |author2=Moldin, Steven O. |title=Understanding autism: from basic neuroscience to treatment |publisher=Taylor & Frances |location=Boca Raton |year=2006 |isbn=0-8493-2732-6}}</ref> and popular audiences.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fightingautism.org/clock/index.php |title=Autism Clock |publisher=fightingautism.org |accessdate=2008-01-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070721130952/http://fightingautism.org/clock/index.php |archivedate=2007-07-21 |deadurl=no |df= }}</ref> These efforts have been criticized by some autism rights advocates, who compare them to similar calculations about "persons with bad heredity" made by the [[eugenics]] movement in the early 20th century—a movement currently in disrepute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autistics.org/library/thenandnow.html |title=Then and Now: 1926, The Bad Old Days |publisher=Autistics.org |accessdate=2008-01-04| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080102005108/http://www.autistics.org/library/thenandnow.html| archivedate= 2 January 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref>  [[Michelle Dawson]] has pointed out that no effort has been made to examine the cost of 'eliminating the disease' to autistic individuals,<ref name=burden>{{cite web |url=http://autismcrisis.blogspot.com/2007/04/autistic-persons-burden.html |last=Dawson |first=Michelle |authorlink=Michelle Dawson |accessdate=2008-01-04 |date=2007-04-03 |title=The autistic person's burden }}</ref> and she, as well as others, have also pointed out the valuable contributions autistic individuals can, and have made to society.<ref name="burden"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/getArticle.cfm?id=2147 |title=The True Meaning of Research Participation |date=2007-04-01 |last=Gernsbacher |first=MA |publisher=[[Association for Psychological Science]] |accessdate=2008-01-04 }}</ref> [[템플 그렌딘] 박사는 자폐를 가진 [[네안데르탈인]]이 첫 돌창을 개발했을 것이라면서, 자폐가 사라졌다면, 온 인류는 과학자, 음악자와 수학자들을 잃었을 것이라고 추측했다<ref name=Grandin>{{언어고리|en}} {{웹 인용|url=http://www.wrongplanet.net/article295.html |제목=Interview with Temple Grandin|출판사=Wrong Planet|date=2006-01-02}}</ref><ref name="Solomon" />.