자폐자조네트워크 문서 원본 보기

[[파일:asan 1900px.png|300px|thumb|[[자폐자조네트워크]]의 로고. 자폐 스펙트럼과 다양한 아이디어를 표현하기 위해 일곱 색깔의 칠각형 심볼을 사용한다.]]
'''자폐자조네트워크'''({{llang|en|Autistic Self Advocacy Network}})는 미국의 [[자폐사용자]]가 자기를 위해 운영하는 [[501(c)(3)]] 비영리 자폐자조단체다. 공식 약칭은 '''어산'''(ASAN)이다. [[대한민국]] 한정으로 [[아산시]]나 [[현대아산]] 등과 잘못 헷갈리기도 하니 주의하자. 어산은 법제나, 미디어 내 묘사, 장애 서비스 자폐인들이 자신에게 영향을 끼치는 결정과정에서 자폐인을 포함하기 위한 옹호활동을 하고 있다.

단체 사무실은 미국 정부가 자폐인에게 긍정적인 법률안이나 정책을 채택하기 위한 옹호활동을 진행하기 위해 [[워싱턴 DC]]에 위치해 있다.

== 역사 ==
자폐자조네트워크는 [[2006년]] [[11월 13일]]에 [[아리 니이만]]<ref>{{뉴스 인용 
| url = https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-37758605.html
| 보존url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181118212056/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-37758605.html
| url-status = dead
| 보존날짜 = 2018-11-18
| title = Just Asking: Ari Ne'eman, Co-Founder of the Autistic Self-Advocacy Network
| last = Heim
| first = Joe
| 날짜 = 2015-03-05
| 뉴스 = [[워싱턴 포스트]]
| url-access=subscription
| 확인일자 = 2016-03-01
| via = HighBeam Research
}}</ref>과 스콧 미셸 로버트슨에 의해 공동 설립됐다. 설립 직후인 2009년에, 지부는 15곳으로 늘어났다<ref>{{뉴스 인용
| url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/03/health/03asperger.html
| title = A Powerful Identity, a Vanishing Diagnosis
| last = Wallis
| first = Claudia
| 날짜 = 2009-11-02
| 뉴스 = [[뉴욕타임즈]]
| 확인일자 = 2016-03-01}}</ref>

어산의 초기 사업
ASAN's early work mostly focused on fighting the use of [[Special education#Issues|aversives, restraint, and seclusion]] in special education;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autisticadvocacy.org/2007/03/testimony-on-aversives-restraints/|title=Testimony on Aversives & Restraints|first=Autistic Self Advocacy|last=Network|website=Autistic Self Advocacy Network|date=2 March 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://autisticadvocacy.org/2007/09/action-alert-autistic-six-year-old-charged-with-assault/|title=ACTION ALERT: Autistic Six-Year-Old Charged with Assault|first=Autistic Self Advocacy|last=Network|website=Autistic Self Advocacy Network|date=24 September 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
| url = https://www.disabilityscoop.com/2010/10/05/senators-altered-restraint/10512/
| title = Senators Propose Revised Restraint And Seclusion Bill
| last = Diament
| first = Michelle
| date = 5 October 2010
| work = Disability Scoop
| access-date = 1 March 2016
}}</ref> in December 2007, they spoke out publicly against [[Autism Speaks]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autisticadvocacy.org/2007/12/comments-at-november-30-2007-iacc-meeting/|title=Comments at November 30, 2007 IACC Meeting|first=Autistic Self Advocacy|last=Network|website=Autistic Self Advocacy Network|date=8 December 2007}}</ref> and against the NYU Child Study Center's Ransom Notes ad campaign, which compared autism, [[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder|ADHD]], [[obsessive-compulsive disorder|OCD]], and [[eating disorder]]s to kidnappers holding children hostage.<ref>{{Cite news
| url = http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/12/20/marketing-disorder/
| title = Marketing Disorder
| last = Warner
| first = Judith
| date = 20 December 2007
| work = The New York Times
| access-date = 1 March 2016
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
| url = http://nymag.com/news/features/47225/
| title = The Autism Rights Movement
| last = Solomon
| first = Andrew
| date = 25 May 2008
| work = New York Magazine
| access-date = 1 March 2016
}}</ref> This counter-campaign<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autisticadvocacy.org/2007/12/tell-nyu-child-study-center-to-abandon-stereotypes/|title=An Urgent Call to Action: Tell NYU Child Study Center to Abandon Stereotypes Against People With Disabilities|first=Autistic Self Advocacy|last=Network|website=Autistic Self Advocacy Network|date=8 December 2007}}</ref> put ASAN on the public's radar and has been referred to as the neurodiversity movement's coming of age.<ref>{{Cite journal
| last = Kras
| first = Joseph F.
| date = 2010
| title = The 'Ransom Notes' Affair: When the Neurodiversity Movement Came of Age
| url = http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/1065/1254
| journal = Disability Studies Quarterly
| volume = 30
| issue = 1
| access-date = 1 March 2016
}}</ref> ASAN continues to protest Autism Speaks.<ref>{{Cite news
| url = http://www.sfweekly.com/sanfrancisco/changing-minds-advocates-reshape-how-we-think-about-autism/Content?oid=2186899
| title = Changing Minds: Advocates Reshape How We Think About Autism
| last = Reynolds
| first = Brandon R.
| date = 31 October 2012
| work = SF Weekly
| access-date = 1 March 2016
}}</ref>

On July 18, 2016, Ari Ne'eman announced that he would resign as president of the Autistic Self Advocacy Network, to be replaced by [[Julia Bascom]] in early 2017.<ref name="resign">{{cite web|last1=Ne'eman|first1=Ari|title=A Message from ASAN President Ari Ne'eman|url=http://autisticadvocacy.org/2016/07/a-message-from-asan-president-ari-neeman/|website=Autistic Self Advocacy Network|date=18 July 2016|access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref> Bascom now holds the title of ASAN Executive Director.

In 2020, ASAN published a statement supporting the FDA's ban on the electric skin shock devices used to torture children and adults with disabilities at the [[Judge Rotenberg Center]].<ref name="Shocks">{{cite web |title=ASAN Welcomes Ban of Electric Shock Torture |url=https://autisticadvocacy.org/2020/03/asan-welcomes-ban-of-electric-shock-torture/ |website=Autistic Self Advocacy Network |date=4 March 2020 |access-date=13 March 2020 |language=en-us}}</ref>

== 활동 ==
자폐자조네트워크는 커뮤니티 조성사업과, [[자기옹호]] 지원, 공공정책 옹호 및 자폐청년 및 성인 대상 교육을 수행하고 있다. 또한 일반대중의 자폐와 연관 특성에 대한 이해 개선사업도 수행한다. 단체는 ‘자폐 성인을 위해 자신들에 의해 운영된다’<ref>{{Cite news
| url = http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/science/1.638978
| title = Autistic Self-advocate and Obama Appointee Ari Ne'eman Wins $100,000 Ruderman Prize
| last = Sommer
| first = Allison Kaplan
| date = 2015-01-26
| 뉴스 = [[하아레츠]]
| 확인일자 = 2016-03-01}}</ref>. 어산의 미션선언문은 자폐인들이 다른 사람들과 동등하며, 사회의 중요하고 필요불가분한 구성원이라고 선언한다<ref>{{cite web|url=http://autisticadvocacy.org/about-asan/|title=About|저자=Autistic Self Advocacy Network|website=Autistic Self Advocacy Network|date=2011-05-26}}</ref>. 어산은 한때 25개 지부를 가지고, 영국 ARGH 등과 연대했으나<ref>{{Cite news
| url = https://newspaperarchive.com/us/rhode-island/newport/newport-daily-news/2012/03-20?tag=autistic+self+advocacy+network&rtserp=tags/?pep=autistic-self-advocacy-network/
| title = Gifted, Challenged
| last = Johnson
| first = James A.
| date = 2012-03-20
| 뉴스 = Newport Daily News
| url-access=subscription
| 확인일자 = 2016-03-01
| via = Newspaper Archive, 
}}</ref> 현재 미국 내에서는 8개 주에 10개, 미국 밖에서는 호주, 뉴질랜드, 포르투갈에 7곳의 협력단체를 두고 있다<ref>{{웹 인용|url=https://autisticadvocacy.org/get-involved/affiliate-groups/|title=Affiliate Groups|저자=Autistic Self Advocacy Network|사이트=autisticadvocacy.org|확인일자=2022-07-31 |보존url=http://web.archive.org/web/20220619083829/https://autisticadvocacy.org/get-involved/affiliate-groups/|보존날짜=2022-06-19}}</ref>.


== 비판 ==


[[분류:자폐특성]]
[[분류:장애권리운동]]